Machine translation: When dealing with intelligent computers, people assume a built-in speech recognition capability. Politeness and sarcasm are beyond the reach of many humans, so they are lofty goals indeed for researchers trying to create socially intelligent agents. HAL's grasp of social nuances is such that he can even use sarcasm to subtly mock Dave in a standoff late in the movie. He then thanks him for a very enjoyable game, minimizing any potential threat to the “face” of his human opponent. During a game of chess, HAL apologizes before explaining his human opponent's error. Despite his obvious advantages in intellect and capability, HAL maintains a level of politeness that enables the humans to feel on almost equal footing with him. Social intelligence: Although HAL controls every aspect of the spacecraft, he still works at “fitting in” with the human crew members. These researchers face a mighty challenge, as the increasing realism of these agents still has not been able to achieve the pathos of HAL singing “A Bicycle Built for Two” in a dying drone. His depiction stands in stark contrast to current efforts in developing embodied agents, where researchers are constantly pushing the envelope of how human-like they can make their artificial characters. Thanks to careful dialogue and editing, HAL expresses condescending smugness, sniveling fear, and raving lunacy. In fact, it has been often noted that HAL is the most “human” character in the whole movie. created one of the most three-dimensional villains on film. With a single static image (see picture) and a flat monotone voice, Kubrick et al. Research Challenges: Embodied agents: HAL is an impressive cinematic achievement. Dave Bowman, the surviving crew member, denies HAL any due process and instead performs an electronic lobotomy, reducing him to the role of mindless galley slave. HAL spends the initial stages of the mission wasting his immense resources on tasks like adjusting chairs and humoring the amateurish artistic ambitions of the human crew, before he finally snaps and kills four of the five members. HAL 9000 is a brilliant young computer who is passed over for a much-deserved evolutionary promotion in favor of the human crew members who are wholly dependent on him for their survival. The excitement generated by such possibilities had such a far-reaching effect that IJCAI 2001's logo incorporated HAL's signature red camera eye. Suddenly, homicidal computers were within our grasp, never again to be confined solely to the imagination of paranoid sci-fi writers. HAL was not the first example of evil AI on film, but he marked a watershed moment. Evil AI The Movies HAL 9000: Homicidal computer and mascot of IJCAI 2001.
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